Innere Mazedonische Revolutionäre Organisation

Die Innere Mazedonische Revolutionäre Organisation (bulgarisch Вътрешна Македонска Революционна Организация Watreschna Makedonska Rewoljuzionna Organisazija bzw. Schreibweise bis 1945 Вѫтрешна македонска революционна организация, mazedonisch Внатрешна Македонска Револуционерна Организација Vnatrešna Makedonska Revolucionerna Organizacija), kurz IMRO, VMRO oder WMRO, war eine revolutionäre nationale Befreiungsbewegung der Bulgaren in der historischen Region Makedonien, eine radikal-nationalistische Partei im Zarentum Bulgarien und eine paramilitärische Organisation im mazedonischen Teil Jugoslawiens, die sich auch terroristischer Mittel bediente. Sie wurde 1919 von Todor Aleksandrow gegründet und war die Nachfolgeorganisation der Bulgarischen Makedonisch-Adrianopeler Revolutionären Komitees (BMORK). Nach dem Putsch vom 19. Mai 1934 und der darauf folgenden Königsdiktatur des Zaren Boris III. wurde die IMRO noch im selben Jahr aufgelöst.

↑ 100 years IMARO, (in Bulgarian) ISBN 954-8187-10-8, Publisher: Macedonian Scientific Institute, Authors: Professor D. Michev, Ph.D. D. Gotsev, Sofia – 1994, S. 7.
↑ Per Loring Danforth's article about the IMRO in Encyclopedia Britannica Online, its leaders, including Delchev, had a dual identity – Macedonian regional and Bulgarian national. According to Paul Robert Magocsi in many circumstances this might seem a normal phenomenon, such as by the residents of the pre–World War II Macedonia, who identified as a Macedonian and Bulgarian (or "Macedono-Bulgarian"). Per Bernard Lory there were tho different kinds of Bulgarian identity at the early 20th century: the first kind was a vague form that grew up during the 19th century Bulgarian National Revival and united most of the Macedonian and other Slavs in the Ottoman Empire. The second kind Bulgarian identity was the more concrete and strong and promoted by the authorities in Sofia among the Bulgarian population. Per Julian Allan Brooks' thesis there were some indications to suggest the existence of inchoate Macedonian national identity then, however the evidence is rather fleeting. For more see: Paul Robert Magocsi, Carpathian Rus': Interethnic Coexistence without Violence, p. 453, in Shatterzone of Empires: Coexistence and Violence in the German, Habsburg, Russian, and Ottoman Borderlands with editors, Omer Bartov, Eric D. Weitz, Indiana University Press, 2013, ISBN 0-253-00631-7, pp. 449–462.
↑ According to Loring M. Danforth at the end of the World War I there were very few historians or ethnographers, who claimed that a separate Macedonian nation existed. It seems most likely that at this time many of the Slavs of Macedonia in rural areas, had not yet developed a firm sense of national identity at all. Of those who had developed then some sense of national identity, the majority considered themselves to be Bulgarians… The question as of whether a Macedonian nation actually existed in the 1940s when a Communist Yugoslavia decided to recognize one is difficult to answer. Some observers argue that even at this time it was doubtful whether the Slavs from Macedonia considered themselves to be a nationality separate from the Bulgarians. Per Stefan Troebst Macedonian nation, language, literature, history and church were not available in 1944, but since the creation of the Yugoslav Macedonia they were accomplished in a short time. For more, see: One Macedonia With Three Faces: Domestic Debates and Nation Concepts, in Intermarium; Columbia University; Volume 4, No. 3 (2000–2001), pp. 7–8; The Macedonian conflict: ethnic nationalism in a transnational world, Loring M. Danforth, Princeton University Press, 1997, ISBN 0-691-04356-6, pp. 65–66.
↑ Dimitar Georgiev: Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO). In Peter Chalk: Encyclopedia of Terrorism. Band 1, ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara (CA) 2013, S. 318.
↑ Robert Bideleux, Ian Jeffries: The Balkans. A Post-Communist History. Routledge, Abingdon (Oxon)/New York 2007, S. 79.

[1] 100 years IMARO, (in Bulgarian) ISBN 954-8187-10-8, Publisher: Macedonian Scientific Institute, Authors: Professor D. Michev, Ph.D. D. Gotsev, Sofia – 1994, S. 7.

[2] Per Loring Danforth's article about the IMRO in Encyclopedia Britannica Online, its leaders, including Delchev, had a dual identity – Macedonian regional and Bulgarian national. According to Paul Robert Magocsi in many circumstances this might seem a normal phenomenon, such as by the residents of the pre–World War II Macedonia, who identified as a Macedonian and Bulgarian (or "Macedono-Bulgarian"). Per Bernard Lory there were tho different kinds of Bulgarian identity at the early 20th century: the first kind was a vague form that grew up during the 19th century Bulgarian National Revival and united most of the Macedonian and other Slavs in the Ottoman Empire. The second kind Bulgarian identity was the more concrete and strong and promoted by the authorities in Sofia among the Bulgarian population. Per Julian Allan Brooks' thesis there were some indications to suggest the existence of inchoate Macedonian national identity then, however the evidence is rather fleeting. For more see: Paul Robert Magocsi, Carpathian Rus': Interethnic Coexistence without Violence, p. 453, in Shatterzone of Empires: Coexistence and Violence in the German, Habsburg, Russian, and Ottoman Borderlands with editors, Omer Bartov, Eric D. Weitz, Indiana University Press, 2013, ISBN 0-253-00631-7, pp. 449–462.

[3] According to Loring M. Danforth at the end of the World War I there were very few historians or ethnographers, who claimed that a separate Macedonian nation existed. It seems most likely that at this time many of the Slavs of Macedonia in rural areas, had not yet developed a firm sense of national identity at all. Of those who had developed then some sense of national identity, the majority considered themselves to be Bulgarians… The question as of whether a Macedonian nation actually existed in the 1940s when a Communist Yugoslavia decided to recognize one is difficult to answer. Some observers argue that even at this time it was doubtful whether the Slavs from Macedonia considered themselves to be a nationality separate from the Bulgarians. Per Stefan Troebst Macedonian nation, language, literature, history and church were not available in 1944, but since the creation of the Yugoslav Macedonia they were accomplished in a short time. For more, see: One Macedonia With Three Faces: Domestic Debates and Nation Concepts, in Intermarium; Columbia University; Volume 4, No. 3 (2000–2001), pp. 7–8; The Macedonian conflict: ethnic nationalism in a transnational world, Loring M. Danforth, Princeton University Press, 1997, ISBN 0-691-04356-6, pp. 65–66.

[4] Dimitar Georgiev: Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO). In Peter Chalk: Encyclopedia of Terrorism. Band 1, ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara (CA) 2013, S. 318.

[5] Robert Bideleux, Ian Jeffries: The Balkans. A Post-Communist History. Routledge, Abingdon (Oxon)/New York 2007, S. 79.