F number (chemistry)

F number is a correlation number used in the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as a descriptor of their hydrophobicity and molecular size.[1] It was proposed by Robert Hurtubise and co-workers in 1977.[2]

Calculation

The F number is calculated using the formula:

F=B_{2}+C_{12}-{\frac {1}{2}}R

where:

B₂ is the number of double bonds

C₁₂ is the number of primary carbon and secondary carbon atoms

R is the number of non-aromatic rings.

Example

For fluorene, there are 6 apparent double bonds (three pi bonds in each side benzene-like ring); the central ring has one secondary carbon and is non-aromatic. Therefore:

F=6+1-{\frac {1}{2}}1=6.5

Correlation

It has been found that the F number linearly correlates with the log k' value (logarithm of the retention factor) in aqueous reversed-phase liquid chromatography. This relationship can be used to understand the significance of different aspects of molecular architecture on their separation using different stationary phases.[3] This size analysis is complementary to the length-to-breadth (L/B) ratio, which classifies molecules according to their "rodlike" or "squarelike" shape.[4]

References

Jinno, Kiyokatsu; Okamoto, Mitsuyoshi (1984). "Molecular-shape recognition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in reversed phase liquid chromatography". Chromatographia. 18 (9): 495–498. doi:10.1007/BF02267234. S2CID 98307769.
Schabron, John F.; Hurtubise, Robert J.; Silver, Howard F. (1977). "Separation of hydroaromatics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and determination of tetralin and naphthalene in coal-derived solvents". Anal. Chem. 49 (14): 2253–2260. doi:10.1021/ac50022a037.
Jinno, Kiyokatsu; Okamoto, Mitsuyoshi (1984). "Correlation of the retention data of polyaromatic hydrocarbons obtained on various stationary phases used in normal- and reversed-phase liquid chromatography". Chromatographia. 18 (1): 44–46. doi:10.1007/BF02279465. S2CID 54035024.
Rahman, M. Mizanur; Takafuji, Makoto; Ansarian, Hamid R.; Ihara, Hirotaka (2005). "Molecular Shape Selectivity through Multiple Carbonyl−π Interactions with Noncrystalline Solid Phase for RP-HPLC". Anal. Chem. 77 (20): 6671–6681. doi:10.1021/ac050851v. PMID 16223255.

External links

List of F numbers for PAHs

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[Jinno_1984_p495-1] Jinno, Kiyokatsu; Okamoto, Mitsuyoshi (1984). "Molecular-shape recognition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in reversed phase liquid chromatography". Chromatographia. 18 (9): 495–498. doi:10.1007/BF02267234. S2CID 98307769.

[2] Schabron, John F.; Hurtubise, Robert J.; Silver, Howard F. (1977). "Separation of hydroaromatics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and determination of tetralin and naphthalene in coal-derived solvents". Anal. Chem. 49 (14): 2253–2260. doi:10.1021/ac50022a037.

[Jinno_1984_p46-3] Jinno, Kiyokatsu; Okamoto, Mitsuyoshi (1984). "Correlation of the retention data of polyaromatic hydrocarbons obtained on various stationary phases used in normal- and reversed-phase liquid chromatography". Chromatographia. 18 (1): 44–46. doi:10.1007/BF02279465. S2CID 54035024.

[4] Rahman, M. Mizanur; Takafuji, Makoto; Ansarian, Hamid R.; Ihara, Hirotaka (2005). "Molecular Shape Selectivity through Multiple Carbonyl−π Interactions with Noncrystalline Solid Phase for RP-HPLC". Anal. Chem. 77 (20): 6671–6681. doi:10.1021/ac050851v. PMID 16223255.