Elemental chlorine free (ECF) is a technique that uses chlorine dioxide for the bleaching of wood pulp. It does not use elemental chlorine gas during the bleaching process and prevents the formation of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds, carcinogens. The traditional ECF sequence is DEopDEpD[1]: 14 using the common letter symbols for bleaching stages,[2] though many improved sequences are available.[1]: 15
Totally chlorine free (TCF) is paper that does not use any chlorine compounds for wood pulp bleaching.
See also
- Environmental issues with paper
References
External links
Paper |
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- Paper engineering / Papermaking
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History |
- Battle of Talas
- Missal of Silos
Originators | |
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Developers |
- Matthias Koops
- Friedrich Gottlob Keller
- Charles Fenerty
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Scholars |
- Timothy Barrett
- Thomas Francis Carter
- Dard Hunter
- Tsien Tsuen-hsuin
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Types | by Base |
- Amate
- Banana
- Barkcloth
- Cotton (rag)
- Dung
- Dó
- Hemp
- India
- Lokta
- Manila
- Mulberry
- Daluang
- Hanji
- Saa
- Samarkand
- Washi
- Mummy
- Papyrus
- Pith (Rice)
- Pulpwood
- Stone
- Tree-free
- Wood-free
- Xuan
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by Process |
- Acid-free
- Air-laid
- Blue
- Cardboard
- Cardstock
- Corrugated fiberboard
- Paperboard
- Crêpe
- Glassine
- Kraft
- Laid
- Onionskin
- Paper towel
- Scritta (Bible)
- Seed
- Tissue
- Wasli
- Wove
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Coated |
- Asphalt
- Photographic
- Rosin
- Tar
- Thermal
- Wax
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by Use |
- Blotting
- Bond
- Butcher
- Construction
- Display
- Cartridge
- Contact
- Copy
- Correction
- Electrical insulation
- Filteration
- Inkjet
- Newsprint
- Origami
- Parchment
- Rolling
- Ruled paper
- Security
- Tracing
- Transfer
- Wallpaper
- Writing
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Materials | |
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Specifications | |
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Manufacture and process |
- Paper machine
- Calender
- Conical refiner
- Hollander beater
- Paper recycling
- Pulp bleaching
- Pulping
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Industry |
- Environmental impact of paper
- Paper industry
- Canada
- Europe
- India
- Indonesia
- Japan
- United States
- Paper mill
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Uses |
- Blueprint
- Papier-mâché
- Clothing
- Watercolor paper
- Paper money
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