Isotopes of lutetium

Isotopes of lutetium (₇₁Lu)
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Lu)
	174.96669±0.00005; 174.97±0.01 (abridged);

Naturally occurring lutetium (₇₁Lu) is composed of one stable isotope ¹⁷⁵Lu (97.40% natural abundance) and one long-lived radioisotope, ¹⁷⁶Lu with a half-life of 37 billion years (2.60% natural abundance). Forty synthetic radioisotopes have been added from ¹⁴⁹Lu to ¹⁹⁰Lu, with the most stable being ¹⁷⁴Lu with a half-life of 3.31 years and ¹⁷³Lu with a half-life of 1.37 years. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 9 days, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than half an hour. Of the meta states known for this element, the most stable are ^177m3Lu (t_1/2 160.4 days) and ^174mLu (t_1/2 142 days).

The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, ¹⁷⁵Lu, is electron capture (with some alpha and positron emission), leading to ytterbium or less often thulium isotopes, and the primary mode after is beta emission giving hafnium isotopes.

All isotopes of lutetium are either radioactive or, for the lone stable isotopes ¹⁷⁵Lu, observationally stable, meaning that it is predicted to be radioactive (to alpha decay) but no decay has been observed.^[4]

List of isotopes

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da)^[5] ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life^[1] ^{[n 4]}^{[n 5]}	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 6]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 8]}^{[n 5]}	Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Excitation energy^{[n 5]}			Half-life^[1] ^{[n 4]}^{[n 5]}	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 6]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 8]}^{[n 5]}	Normal proportion^[1]	Range of variation
¹⁴⁹Lu^[6]	71	78		450+170 −100 ns	p	¹⁴⁸Yb	11/2−
¹⁵⁰Lu	71	79	149.97341(32)#	45(3) ms	p	¹⁴⁹Yb	(5−)
^150mLu	22(5) keV			40(7) μs	p	¹⁴⁹Yb	(8+)
¹⁵¹Lu	71	80	150.96747(32)#	78.4(9) ms	p (?%)	¹⁵⁰Yb	11/2−
¹⁵¹Lu	71	80	150.96747(32)#	78.4(9) ms	β⁺ (?%)	¹⁵¹Yb	11/2−
^151mLu	57(4) keV			16.0(5) μs	p	¹⁵⁰Yb	3/2+
¹⁵²Lu	71	81	151.96412(21)#	650(70) ms	β⁺ (85%)	¹⁵²Yb	(4−, 5−, 6−)
¹⁵²Lu	71	81	151.96412(21)#	650(70) ms	β⁺, p (15%)	¹⁵¹Tm	(4−, 5−, 6−)
¹⁵³Lu	71	82	152.95880(16)	0.9(2) s	α (?%)	¹⁴⁹Tm	11/2−
¹⁵³Lu	71	82	152.95880(16)	0.9(2) s	β⁺ (?%)	¹⁵³Yb	11/2−
^153m1Lu	80(5) keV			1# s	IT	¹⁵³Lu	1/2+
^153m2Lu	2502.5(4) keV			>0.1 μs	IT	¹⁵³Lu	23/2−
^153m3Lu	2632.9(5) keV			15(3) μs	IT	¹⁵³Lu	27/2−
¹⁵⁴Lu	71	83	153.95742(22)#	1# s			(2−)
^154m1Lu	62(12) keV			1.12(8) s	β⁺ (?%)	¹⁵⁴Yb	(9+)
					β⁺p (?%)	¹⁵³Tm
					β⁺α (?%)	¹⁵⁰Er
^154m2Lu	2724(100)# keV			35(3) μs	IT	¹⁵⁴Lu	(17+)
¹⁵⁵Lu	71	84	154.954326(21)	68(2) ms	α (90%)	¹⁵¹Tm	11/2−
¹⁵⁵Lu	71	84	154.954326(21)	68(2) ms	β⁺ (10%)	¹⁵⁵Yb	11/2−
^155m1Lu	21(4) keV			138(9) ms	α (76%)	¹⁵¹Tm	1/2+
^155m1Lu	21(4) keV			138(9) ms	β⁺ (24%)	¹⁵⁵Yb	1/2+
^155m2Lu	1780.3(18) keV			2.69(3) ms	α	¹⁵¹Tm	25/2−#
¹⁵⁶Lu	71	85	155.953087(58)	494(12) ms	α	¹⁵²Tm	(2)−
^156m1Lu^{[n 9]}	10(250) keV			198(2) ms	α	¹⁵²Tm	10+
^156m2Lu	2611(250) keV			179(4) ns	IT	¹⁵⁶Lu	19−
¹⁵⁷Lu	71	86	156.950145(13)	7.7(20) s	β⁺ (?%)	¹⁵⁷Yb	(1/2+)
¹⁵⁷Lu	71	86	156.950145(13)	7.7(20) s	α (?%)	¹⁵³Tm	(1/2+)
^157mLu	20.9(20) keV			4.79(12) s	β⁺ (92.3%)	¹⁵⁷Yb	(11/2−)
^157mLu	20.9(20) keV			4.79(12) s	α (7.7%)	¹⁵³Tm	(11/2−)
¹⁵⁸Lu	71	87	157.949316(16)	10.6(3) s	β⁺ (99.09%)	¹⁵⁸Yb	(2)−
¹⁵⁸Lu	71	87	157.949316(16)	10.6(3) s	α (0.91%)	¹⁵⁴Tm	(2)−
¹⁵⁹Lu	71	88	158.946636(40)	12.1(10) s	β⁺	¹⁵⁹Yb	1/2+
¹⁵⁹Lu	71	88	158.946636(40)	12.1(10) s	α (rare)	¹⁵⁵Tm	1/2+
¹⁶⁰Lu	71	89	159.946033(61)	36.1(3) s	β⁺	¹⁶⁰Yb	2−#
^160mLu^{[n 9]}	0(100)# keV			40(1) s	β⁺	¹⁶⁰Yb
¹⁶¹Lu	71	90	160.943572(30)	77(2) s	β⁺	¹⁶¹Yb	1/2+
^161mLu	182(5)# keV			7.3(4) ms	IT	¹⁶¹Lu	(9/2−)
¹⁶²Lu	71	91	161.943283(81)	1.37(2) min	β⁺	¹⁶²Yb	1−
^162m1Lu^{[n 9]}	120(200)# keV			1.5 min	β⁺	¹⁶²Yb	4−#
^162m2Lu^{[n 10]}	300(200)# keV			1.9 min			9−#
¹⁶³Lu	71	92	162.941179(30)	3.97(13) min	β⁺	¹⁶³Yb	1/2+
¹⁶⁴Lu	71	93	163.941339(30)	3.14(3) min	β⁺	¹⁶⁴Yb	1−
¹⁶⁵Lu	71	94	164.939407(28)	10.74(10) min	β⁺	¹⁶⁵Yb	1/2+
¹⁶⁶Lu	71	95	165.939859(32)	2.65(10) min	β⁺	¹⁶⁶Yb	6−
^166m1Lu	34.37(22) keV			1.41(10) min	β⁺ (58%)	¹⁶⁶Yb	3−
^166m1Lu	34.37(22) keV			1.41(10) min	IT (42%)	¹⁶⁶Lu	3−
^166m2Lu	43.0(4) keV			2.12(10) min	β⁺ (90%)	¹⁶⁶Yb	0−
^166m2Lu	43.0(4) keV			2.12(10) min	IT (10%)	¹⁶⁶Lu	0−
¹⁶⁷Lu	71	96	166.938243(40)	51.5(10) min	β⁺	¹⁶⁷Yb	7/2+
^167mLu	50(40)# keV			>1 min			1/2+
¹⁶⁸Lu	71	97	167.938730(41)	5.5(1) min	β⁺	¹⁶⁸Yb	6−
^168mLu	160(40) keV			6.7(4) min	β⁺	¹⁶⁸Yb	3+
¹⁶⁹Lu	71	98	168.9376458(32)	34.06(5) h	β⁺	¹⁶⁹Yb	7/2+
^169mLu	29.0(5) keV			160(10) s	IT	¹⁶⁹Lu	1/2−
¹⁷⁰Lu	71	99	169.938479(18)	2.012(30) d	β⁺	¹⁷⁰Yb	0+
^170mLu	92.91(9) keV			670(100) ms	IT	¹⁷⁰Lu	4−
¹⁷¹Lu	71	100	170.9379186(20)	8.247(23) d	β⁺	¹⁷¹Yb	7/2+
^171mLu	71.13(8) keV			79(2) s	IT	¹⁷¹Lu	1/2−
¹⁷²Lu	71	101	171.9390913(25)	6.70(3) d	β⁺	¹⁷²Yb	4−
^172m1Lu	41.86(4) keV			3.7(5) min	IT	¹⁷²Lu	1−
^172m2Lu	65.79(4) keV			332(20) ns	IT	¹⁷²Lu	(1)+
^172m3Lu	109.41(10) keV			440(12) μs	IT	¹⁷²Lu	(1)+
^172m4Lu	213.57(17) keV			150 ns	IT	¹⁷²Lu	(6−)
¹⁷³Lu	71	102	172.9389357(17)	1.37(1) y	EC	¹⁷³Yb	7/2+
^173mLu	123.672(13) keV			74.2(10) μs	IT	¹⁷³Lu	5/2−
¹⁷⁴Lu	71	103	173.9403428(17)	3.31(5) y	β⁺	¹⁷⁴Yb	1−
^174m1Lu	170.83(5) keV			142(2) d	IT (99.38%)	¹⁷⁴Lu	6−
^174m1Lu	170.83(5) keV			142(2) d	EC (0.62%)	¹⁷⁴Yb	6−
^174m2Lu	240.818(4) keV			395(15) ns	IT	¹⁷⁴Lu	3+
^174m3Lu	365.183(6) keV			145(3) ns	IT	¹⁷⁴Lu	4−
^174m4Lu	1855.7(5) keV			194(24) ns	IT	¹⁷⁴Lu	13+
^174m5Lu	4068.4(9) keV			97(10) ns	IT	¹⁷⁴Lu	(21+)
^174m6Lu	5849.6(9) keV			242(19) ns	IT	¹⁷⁴Lu	(26−)
¹⁷⁵Lu	71	104	174.9407772(13)	Observationally stable^{[n 11]}			7/2+	0.97401(13)
^175m1Lu	353.48(13) keV			1.49(7) μs	IT	¹⁷⁵Lu	5/2−
^175m2Lu	1392.4(4) keV			984(30) μs	IT	¹⁷⁵Lu	19/2+
¹⁷⁶Lu^{[n 12]}^{[n 13]}	71	105	175.9426917(13)	3.701(17)×10¹⁰ y	β⁻^{[n 14]}	¹⁷⁶Hf	7−	0.02599(13)
^176m1Lu	122.845(4) keV			3.664(19) h	β⁻ (99.90%)	¹⁷⁶Hf	1−
^176m1Lu	122.845(4) keV			3.664(19) h	EC (0.095%)	¹⁷⁶Yb	1−
^176m2Lu	1514.5(5) keV			312(69) ns	IT	¹⁷⁶Lu	12+
^176m3Lu	1587.8(6) keV			40(3) μs	IT	¹⁷⁶Lu	14+
¹⁷⁷Lu	71	106	176.9437636(13)	6.6443(9) d	β⁻	¹⁷⁷Hf	7/2+
^177m1Lu	150.3984(10) keV			130.1(24) ns	IT	¹⁷⁷Lu	9/2−
^177m2Lu	569.6721(15) keV			155(7) μs	IT	¹⁷⁷Lu	1/2+
^177m3Lu	970.1757(24) keV			160.4(3) d	β⁻ (77.30%)	¹⁷⁷Hf	23/2−
^177m3Lu	970.1757(24) keV			160.4(3) d	IT (22.70%)	¹⁷⁷Lu	23/2−
^177m4Lu	2771.7(5) keV			625(62) ns	IT	¹⁷⁷Lu	33/2+
^177m5Lu	3530.4(6) keV			6(2) μs	IT	¹⁷⁷Lu	39/2−
¹⁷⁸Lu	71	107	177.9459601(24)	28.4(2) min	β⁻	¹⁷⁸Hf	1+
^178mLu	123.8(26) keV			23.1(3) min	β⁻	¹⁷⁸Hf	9−
¹⁷⁹Lu	71	108	178.9473330(55)	4.59(6) h	β⁻	¹⁷⁹Hf	7/2+
^179mLu	592.4(4) keV			3.1(9) ms	IT	¹⁷⁹Lu	1/2+
¹⁸⁰Lu	71	109	179.949891(76)	5.7(1) min	β⁻	¹⁸⁰Hf	5+
^180m1Lu	13.9(3) keV			~1 s			3−
^180m2Lu	624.0(5) keV			>1 ms	IT	¹⁸⁰Lu	(9−)
¹⁸¹Lu	71	110	180.95191(14)	3.5(3) min	β⁻	¹⁸¹Hf	7/2+#
¹⁸²Lu	71	111	181.95516(22)#	2.0(2) min	β⁻	¹⁸²Hf	1−#
¹⁸³Lu	71	112	182.957363(86)	58(4) s	β⁻	¹⁸³Hf	7/2+#
¹⁸⁴Lu	71	113	183.96103(22)#	20(3) s	β⁻	¹⁸⁴Hf	(3+)
¹⁸⁵Lu	71	114	184.96354(32)#	20# s [>300 ns]			7/2+#
¹⁸⁶Lu	71	115	185.96745(43)#	6# s [>300 ns]
¹⁸⁷Lu	71	116	186.97019(43)#	7# s [>300 ns]			7/2+#
¹⁸⁸Lu	71	117	187.97443(43)#	1# s [>300 ns]
¹⁸⁹Lu^[8]	71	118
¹⁹⁰Lu^[9]	71	119
This table header & footer:

^ ^mLu – Excited nuclear isomer.
^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^ Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer than age of universe.
^ ^a ^b ^c # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^ Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

p: Proton emission
^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
^ ^a ^b ^c Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
^ Discovery of this isotope is disputed.
^ Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁷¹Tm
^ primordial radionuclide
^ Used in lutetium-hafnium dating
^ Theoretically capable of electron capture to ¹⁷⁶Yb^[7] or α decay to ¹⁷²Tm

Lutetium-177

Lutetium (¹⁷⁷Lu) chloride, sold under the brand name Lumark among others, is used for radiolabeling other medicines, either as an anti-cancer therapy or for scintigraphy (medical radio-imaging). Its most common side effects are anaemia (low red blood cell counts), thrombocytopenia (low blood platelet counts), leucopenia (low white blood cell counts), lymphopenia (low levels of lymphocytes, a particular type of white blood cell), nausea (feeling sick), vomiting and mild and temporary hair loss.^[10]^[11]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Lutetium". CIAAW. 2024.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^ Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Danevich, F. A.; et al. (2019). "Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays". European Physical Journal A. 55 (8): 140–1–140–7. arXiv:1908.11458. Bibcode:2019EPJA...55..140B. doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12823-2. ISSN 1434-601X. S2CID 201664098.
^ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
^ Auranen, K. (16 March 2022). "Nanosecond-Scale Proton Emission from Strongly Oblate-Deformed 149Lu". Physical Review Letters. 128 (11): 2501. Bibcode:2022PhRvL.128k2501A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.112501. PMID 35363028. S2CID 247855967.
^ Nozzoli, Francesco; Ghezzer, Luigi Ernesto; Nicolaidis, Riccardo; Iuppa, Roberto; Zuccon, Paolo; et al. (European Nuclear Physics Conference (EuNPC 2022)) (8 December 2023). "Investigation of Electron Capture in ¹⁷⁶Lu with a LYSO crystal scintillator". EPJ Web of Conf. 290 (01002). arXiv:2211.15203. doi:10.1051/epjconf/202329001002.
^ Haak, K.; Tarasov, O. B.; Chowdhury, P.; et al. (2023). "Production and discovery of neutron-rich isotopes by fragmentation of ¹⁹⁸Pt". Physical Review C. 108 (34608): 034608. Bibcode:2023PhRvC.108c4608H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.108.034608. S2CID 261649436.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
^ Tarasov, O. B.; Gade, A.; Fukushima, K.; et al. (2024). "Observation of New Isotopes in the Fragmentation of ¹⁹⁸Pt at FRIB". Physical Review Letters. 132 (072501). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.072501.
^ "Lumark EPAR". European Medicines Agency. 17 September 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2020. Text was copied from this source for which copyright belongs to the European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
^ "EndolucinBeta EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 17 September 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2020. Text was copied from this source for which copyright belongs to the European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.

[5] Lu – Excited nuclear isomer.

[7] ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.

[TMS-8] # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).

[9] Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer than age of universe.

[TNN-10] # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

[11] Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

p: Proton emission

[12] Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.

[13] ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

[order-15] Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.

[disputed-16] Discovery of this isotope is disputed.

[17] Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁷¹Tm

[18] rimordial radionuclide

[19] Used in lutetium-hafnium dating

[21] Theoretically capable of electron capture to ¹⁷⁶Yb^[7] or α decay to ¹⁷²Tm

[NUBASE2020-1] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[CIAAWlutetium-2] "Standard Atomic Weights: Lutetium". CIAAW. 2024.

[CIAAW2021-3] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[bellidecay-4] Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Danevich, F. A.; et al. (2019). "Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays". European Physical Journal A. 55 (8): 140–1–140–7. arXiv:1908.11458. Bibcode:2019EPJA...55..140B. doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12823-2. ISSN 1434-601X. S2CID 201664098.

[AME2020_II-6] Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.

[13F-14] Auranen, K. (16 March 2022). "Nanosecond-Scale Proton Emission from Strongly Oblate-Deformed 149Lu". Physical Review Letters. 128 (11): 2501. Bibcode:2022PhRvL.128k2501A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.112501. PMID 35363028. S2CID 247855967.

[20] Nozzoli, Francesco; Ghezzer, Luigi Ernesto; Nicolaidis, Riccardo; Iuppa, Roberto; Zuccon, Paolo; et al. (European Nuclear Physics Conference (EuNPC 2022)) (8 December 2023). "Investigation of Electron Capture in ¹⁷⁶Lu with a LYSO crystal scintillator". EPJ Web of Conf. 290 (01002). arXiv:2211.15203. doi:10.1051/epjconf/202329001002.

[PRC108-22] Haak, K.; Tarasov, O. B.; Chowdhury, P.; et al. (2023). "Production and discovery of neutron-rich isotopes by fragmentation of ¹⁹⁸Pt". Physical Review C. 108 (34608): 034608. Bibcode:2023PhRvC.108c4608H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.108.034608. S2CID 261649436.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)

[PRL132.7-23] Tarasov, O. B.; Gade, A.; Fukushima, K.; et al. (2024). "Observation of New Isotopes in the Fragmentation of ¹⁹⁸Pt at FRIB". Physical Review Letters. 132 (072501). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.072501.

[Lumark_EPAR-24] "Lumark EPAR". European Medicines Agency. 17 September 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2020. Text was copied from this source for which copyright belongs to the European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.

[EndolucinBeta_EPAR-25] "EndolucinBeta EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 17 September 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2020. Text was copied from this source for which copyright belongs to the European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[n 1]

[5]

[n 2]

[n 3]

[n 4]

[n 5]

[n 6]

[n 7]

[n 8]

[6]

[n 9]

[n 10]

[n 11]

[n 12]

[n 13]

[n 14]

[8]

[9]

[7]

[10]

[11]

EC:	Electron capture
IT:	Isomeric transition
p:	Proton emission

List of isotopes

Lutetium-177

See also

References