Tetrahalomethane

Tetrahalomethanes are chemical compounds in which all four hydrogen atoms of a methane molecule are replaced by halogen atoms—such as chlorine, bromine, fluorine, iodine, or astatine.

Overview

The compounds are fully halogenated methane derivatives[1] of general formula CFkCllBrmInAtp, where:Tetrahalomethanes are on the border of inorganic and organic chemistry, thus they can be assigned both inorganic and organic names by IUPAC: tetrafluoromethane - carbon tetrafluoride, tetraiodomethane - carbon tetraiodide, dichlorodifluoromethane - carbon dichloride difluoride.

Taxonomy

Each halogen (F, Cl, Br, I, At) forms a corresponding halomethane, but their stability decreases in order CF4 > CCl4 > CBr4 > CI4 from exceptionally stable gaseous tetrafluoromethane with bond energy 515 kJ·mol−1 to solid tetraiodomethane, depending on bond energy.

Many mixed halomethanes are also known, such as CBrClF2.[2][3]

Uses

Fluorine, chlorine, and sometimes bromine-substituted halomethanes were used as refrigerants, commonly known as CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons).

See also

References

  1. ^ Woo, Yin-Tak; Lai, David Y.; Arcos, Joseph C. (22 October 2013). Aliphatic and Polyhalogenated Carcinogens: Structural Bases and Biological Mechanisms. Academic Press. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-4832-1601-0. Retrieved 31 August 2025.
  2. ^ Katritzky, Alan R.; Gilchrist, Thomas L.; Meth-Cohn, Otto; Rees, Charles Wayne (21 March 2003). Comprehensive Organic Functional Group Transformations. Elsevier. p. 695. ISBN 978-0-08-042704-1. Retrieved 31 August 2025.
  3. ^ Holliday, A. K.; Hughes, G.; Walker, S. M. (22 October 2013). The Chemistry of Carbon: Organometallic Chemistry. Elsevier. p. 1219. ISBN 978-1-4831-5194-6. Retrieved 31 August 2025.
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