Tetrasaccharide
A tetrasaccharide is a carbohydrate which gives upon hydrolysis four molecules of the same or different monosaccharides. For example, stachyose upon hydrolysis gives one molecule each of glucose and fructose and two molecules of galactose. The general formula of a tetrasaccharide is typically C24H42O21.
| Name | chemical compound | function/occur |
|---|---|---|
| Lychnose (1-α-Galactosyl-raffinose) | O-α-D-Galp-(1→6)-O-α-D-Glup-(1→2)-O-β-D-Fruf-(1→1)-O-α-D-Galp | |
| Maltotetraose | O-α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-O-α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-O-α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-D-Glcp | in Starchsyrup |
| Nigerotetraose | O-α-D-Glcp-(1→3)-O-α-D-Glcp-(1→3)-O-α-D-Glcp-(1→3)-D-Glcp | |
| Nystose (β-D-Fructosyl-1-kestose) | O-α-D-Glcp-(1→2)-β-D-Fruf-(1→2)-β-D-Fruf-(1→2)-β-D-Fruf | |
| Sesamose | O-α-D-Galp-(1→6)-O-α-D-Galp-(1→6)-O-β-D-Fruf-(2→1)-O-α-D-Glcp | |
| Stachyose | O-α-D-Galp-(1→6)-O-α-D-Galp-(1→6)-O-α-D-Glcp-(1→2)-β-D-Fruf | widespread in plants (artichoke, soybean) |
In addition to free tetrasaccharides, the term tetrasaccharide is often used to describe subunits or bioconjugates. Thus, tetrasaccharide groups appended to red blood cells are responsible for blood types.[1] A repeating modified tetrasaccharide (gal-gal-gal-raf) comprises gellan.[2]
References
- ^ Lichtenthaler, Frieder W. (2010). "Carbohydrates: Occurrence, Structures and Chemistry". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a05_079.pub2. ISBN 978-3-527-30385-4.
- ^ Morris, Edwin R.; Nishinari, Katsuyoshi; Rinaudo, Marguerite (2012). "Gelation of gellan – A review". Food Hydrocolloids. 28 (2): 373–411. doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2012.01.004.