How can I see Chinese characters in the Windows Subsystem for Linux terminal?

Question

I installed Ubuntu 18.04 via Windows Subsystem for Linux using these official instructions.

I'm trying to get the Ubuntu terminal to show Chinese characters, like this:

ronald@LAPTOP-FLRIMKMQ:~$ 你你

However, that ends up looking like this:

Or, in text form:

ronald@LAPTOP-FLRIMKMQ:~$ ⍰ ⍰

How can I get it to show Chinese characters correctly?