Dodecane

Die Dodecane sind eine Stoffgruppe aus der Gruppe der Alkane. Sie besteht aus 355 isomeren Verbindungen mit der Summenformel C₁₂H₂₆.

Der lineare Vertreter ist das n-Dodecan.

Die folgende Tabelle gibt einen Überblick über alle konstitutionsisomeren Dodecane, gruppiert nach Anzahl der Kohlenstoffatome in der Hauptkette bzw. nach den Substituenten:

Substituenten	Anzahl der C-Atome in der Hauptkette
Substituenten	12	11	10	9	8	7	6	5
---	n-Dodecan
Methyl		2-Methylundecan 3-Methylundecan 4-Methylundecan 5-Methylundecan 6-Methylundecan	2,2-Dimethyldecan 2,3-Dimethyldecan 2,4-Dimethyldecan 2,5-Dimethyldecan 2,6-Dimethyldecan 2,7-Dimethyldecan 2,8-Dimethyldecan 2,9-Dimethyldecan 3,3-Dimethyldecan 3,4-Dimethyldecan 3,5-Dimethyldecan 3,6-Dimethyldecan 3,7-Dimethyldecan 3,8-Dimethyldecan 4,4-Dimethyldecan 4,5-Dimethyldecan 4,6-Dimethyldecan 4,7-Dimethyldecan 5,5-Dimethyldecan 5,6-Dimethyldecan	2,2,3-Trimethylnonan 2,2,4-Trimethylnonan 2,2,5-Trimethylnonan 2,2,6-Trimethylnonan 2,2,7-Trimethylnonan 2,2,8-Trimethylnonan 2,3,3-Trimethylnonan 2,3,4-Trimethylnonan 2,3,5-Trimethylnonan 2,3,6-Trimethylnonan 2,3,7-Trimethylnonan 2,3,8-Trimethylnonan 2,4,4-Trimethylnonan 2,4,5-Trimethylnonan 2,4,6-Trimethylnonan 2,4,7-Trimethylnonan 2,4,8-Trimethylnonan 2,5,5-Trimethylnonan 2,5,6-Trimethylnonan 2,5,7-Trimethylnonan 2,5,8-Trimethylnonan 2,6,6-Trimethylnonan 2,6,7-Trimethylnonan 2,7,7-Trimethylnonan 3,3,4-Trimethylnonan 3,3,5-Trimethylnonan 3,3,6-Trimethylnonan 3,3,7-Trimethylnonan 3,4,4-Trimethylnonan 3,4,5-Trimethylnonan 3,4,6-Trimethylnonan 3,4,7-Trimethylnonan 3,5,5-Trimethylnonan 3,5,6-Trimethylnonan 3,5,7-Trimethylnonan 3,6,6-Trimethylnonan 4,4,5-Trimethylnonan 4,4,6-Trimethylnonan 4,5,5-Trimethylnonan 4,5,6-Trimethylnonan	2,2,3,3-Tetramethyloctan 2,2,3,4-Tetramethyloctan 2,2,3,5-Tetramethyloctan 2,2,3,6-Tetramethyloctan 2,2,3,7-Tetramethyloctan 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyloctan 2,2,4,5-Tetramethyloctan 2,2,4,6-Tetramethyloctan 2,2,4,7-Tetramethyloctan 2,2,5,5-Tetramethyloctan 2,2,5,6-Tetramethyloctan 2,2,5,7-Tetramethyloctan 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyloctan 2,2,6,7-Tetramethyloctan 2,2,7,7-Tetramethyloctan 2,3,3,4-Tetramethyloctan 2,3,3,5-Tetramethyloctan 2,3,3,6-Tetramethyloctan 2,3,3,7-Tetramethyloctan 2,3,4,4-Tetramethyloctan 2,3,4,5-Tetramethyloctan 2,3,4,6-Tetramethyloctan 2,3,4,7-Tetramethyloctan 2,3,5,5-Tetramethyloctan 2,3,5,6-Tetramethyloctan 2,3,5,7-Tetramethyloctan 2,3,6,6-Tetramethyloctan 2,3,6,7-Tetramethyloctan 2,4,4,5-Tetramethyloctan 2,4,4,6-Tetramethyloctan 2,4,4,7-Tetramethyloctan 2,4,5,5-Tetramethyloctan 2,4,5,6-Tetramethyloctan 2,4,5,7-Tetramethyloctan 2,4,6,6-Tetramethyloctan 2,5,5,6-Tetramethyloctan 2,5,6,6-Tetramethyloctan 3,3,4,4-Tetramethyloctan 3,3,4,5-Tetramethyloctan 3,3,4,6-Tetramethyloctan 3,3,5,5-Tetramethyloctan 3,3,5,6-Tetramethyloctan 3,3,6,6-Tetramethyloctan 3,4,4,5-Tetramethyloctan 3,4,4,6-Tetramethyloctan 3,4,5,5-Tetramethyloctan 3,4,5,6-Tetramethyloctan 4,4,5,5-Tetramethyloctan	2,2,3,3,4-Pentamethylheptan 2,2,3,3,5-Pentamethylheptan 2,2,3,3,6-Pentamethylheptan 2,2,3,4,4-Pentamethylheptan 2,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylheptan 2,2,3,4,6-Pentamethylheptan 2,2,3,5,5-Pentamethylheptan 2,2,3,5,6-Pentamethylheptan 2,2,3,6,6-Pentamethylheptan 2,2,4,4,5-Pentamethylheptan 2,2,4,4,6-Pentamethylheptan 2,2,4,5,5-Pentamethylheptan 2,2,4,5,6-Pentamethylheptan 2,2,4,6,6-Pentamethylheptan 2,2,5,5,6-Pentamethylheptan 2,3,3,4,4-Pentamethylheptan 2,3,3,4,5-Pentamethylheptan 2,3,3,4,6-Pentamethylheptan 2,3,3,5,5-Pentamethylheptan 2,3,3,5,6-Pentamethylheptan 2,3,4,4,5-Pentamethylheptan 2,3,4,4,6-Pentamethylheptan 2,3,4,5,5-Pentamethylheptan 2,3,4,5,6-Pentamethylheptan 2,4,4,5,5-Pentamethylheptan 3,3,4,4,5-Pentamethylheptan 3,3,4,5,5-Pentamethylheptan	2,2,3,3,4,4-Hexamethylhexan 2,2,3,3,4,5-Hexamethylhexan 2,2,3,3,5,5-Hexamethylhexan 2,2,3,4,4,5-Hexamethylhexan 2,2,3,4,5,5-Hexamethylhexan 2,3,3,4,4,5-Hexamethylhexan
Ethyl			3-Ethyldecan 4-Ethyldecan 5-Ethyldecan		3,3-Diethyloctan 3,4-Diethyloctan 3,5-Diethyloctan 3,6-Diethyloctan 4,4-Diethyloctan 4,5-Diethyloctan		3,3,4-Triethylhexan
Ethyl und Methyl				3-Ethyl-2-methylnonan 3-Ethyl-3-methylnonan 3-Ethyl-4-methylnonan 3-Ethyl-5-methylnonan 3-Ethyl-6-methylnonan 3-Ethyl-7-methylnonan 4-Ethyl-2-methylnonan 4-Ethyl-3-methylnonan 4-Ethyl-4-methylnonan 4-Ethyl-5-methylnonan 4-Ethyl-6-methylnonan 5-Ethyl-2-methylnonan 5-Ethyl-3-methylnonan 5-Ethyl-4-methylnonan 5-Ethyl-5-methylnonan 6-Ethyl-2-methylnonan 6-Ethyl-3-methylnonan 7-Ethyl-2-methylnonan	3-Ethyl-2,2-dimethyloctan 3-Ethyl-2,3-dimethyloctan 3-Ethyl-2,4-dimethyloctan 3-Ethyl-2,5-dimethyloctan 3-Ethyl-2,6-dimethyloctan 3-Ethyl-2,7-dimethyloctan 3-Ethyl-3,4-dimethyloctan 3-Ethyl-3,5-dimethyloctan 3-Ethyl-3,6-dimethyloctan 3-Ethyl-4,4-dimethyloctan 3-Ethyl-4,5-dimethyloctan 3-Ethyl-4,6-dimethyloctan 3-Ethyl-5,5-dimethyloctan 4-Ethyl-2,2-dimethyloctan 4-Ethyl-2,3-dimethyloctan 4-Ethyl-2,4-dimethyloctan 4-Ethyl-2,5-dimethyloctan 4-Ethyl-2,6-dimethyloctan 4-Ethyl-2,7-dimethyloctan 4-Ethyl-3,3-dimethyloctan 4-Ethyl-3,4-dimethyloctan 4-Ethyl-3,5-dimethyloctan 4-Ethyl-3,6-dimethyloctan 4-Ethyl-4,5-dimethyloctan 5-Ethyl-2,2-dimethyloctan 5-Ethyl-2,3-dimethyloctan 5-Ethyl-2,4-dimethyloctan 5-Ethyl-2,5-dimethyloctan 5-Ethyl-2,6-dimethyloctan 5-Ethyl-3,3-dimethyloctan 5-Ethyl-3,4-dimethyloctan 5-Ethyl-3,5-dimethyloctan 5-Ethyl-4,4-dimethyloctan 6-Ethyl-2,2-dimethyloctan 6-Ethyl-2,3-dimethyloctan 6-Ethyl-2,4-dimethyloctan 6-Ethyl-2,5-dimethyloctan 6-Ethyl-2,6-dimethyloctan 6-Ethyl-3,3-dimethyloctan 6-Ethyl-3,4-dimethyloctan	3-Ethyl-2,2,3-trimethylheptan 3-Ethyl-2,2,4-trimethylheptan 3-Ethyl-2,2,5-trimethylheptan 3-Ethyl-2,2,6-trimethylheptan 3-Ethyl-2,3,4-trimethylheptan 3-Ethyl-2,3,5-trimethylheptan 3-Ethyl-2,3,6-trimethylheptan 3-Ethyl-2,4,4-trimethylheptan 3-Ethyl-2,4,5-trimethylheptan 3-Ethyl-2,4,6-trimethylheptan 3-Ethyl-2,5,5-trimethylheptan 3-Ethyl-2,5,6-trimethylheptan 3-Ethyl-3,4,4-trimethylheptan 3-Ethyl-3,4,5-trimethylheptan 3-Ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylheptan 3-Ethyl-4,4,5-trimethylheptan 4-Ethyl-2,2,3-trimethylheptan 4-Ethyl-2,2,4-trimethylheptan 4-Ethyl-2,2,5-trimethylheptan 4-Ethyl-2,2,6-trimethylheptan 4-Ethyl-2,3,3-trimethylheptan 4-Ethyl-2,3,4-trimethylheptan 4-Ethyl-2,3,5-trimethylheptan 4-Ethyl-2,3,6-trimethylheptan 4-Ethyl-2,4,5-trimethylheptan 4-Ethyl-2,4,6-trimethylheptan 4-Ethyl-2,5,5-trimethylheptan 4-Ethyl-3,3,4-trimethylheptan 4-Ethyl-3,3,5-trimethylheptan 4-Ethyl-3,4,5-trimethylheptan 5-Ethyl-2,2,3-trimethylheptan 5-Ethyl-2,2,4-trimethylheptan 5-Ethyl-2,2,5-trimethylheptan 5-Ethyl-2,2,6-trimethylheptan 5-Ethyl-2,3,3-trimethylheptan 5-Ethyl-2,3,4-trimethylheptan 5-Ethyl-2,3,5-trimethylheptan 5-Ethyl-2,4,4-trimethylheptan 5-Ethyl-2,4,5-trimethylheptan 5-Ethyl-3,3,4-trimethylheptan	3-Ethyl-2,2,3,4-tetramethylhexan 3-Ethyl-2,2,3,5-tetramethylhexan 3-Ethyl-2,2,4,4-tetramethylhexan 3-Ethyl-2,2,4,5-tetramethylhexan 3-Ethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexan 3-Ethyl-2,3,4,4-tetramethylhexan 3-Ethyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethylhexan 4-Ethyl-2,2,3,3-tetramethylhexan 4-Ethyl-2,2,3,4-tetramethylhexan 4-Ethyl-2,2,3,5-tetramethylhexan 4-Ethyl-2,2,4,5-tetramethylhexan 4-Ethyl-2,3,3,4-tetramethylhexan 4-Ethyl-2,3,3,5-tetramethylhexan 3,3-Diethyl-2,2-dimethylhexan 3,3-Diethyl-2,4-dimethylhexan 3,3-Diethyl-2,5-dimethylhexan 3,3-Diethyl-4,4-dimethylhexan 3,4-Diethyl-2,2-dimethylhexan 3,4-Diethyl-2,3-dimethylhexan 3,4-Diethyl-2,4-dimethylhexan 3,4-Diethyl-2,5-dimethylhexan 3,4-Diethyl-3,4-dimethylhexan 4,4-Diethyl-2,2-dimethylhexan 4,4-Diethyl-2,3-dimethylhexan	3-Ethyl-2,2,3,4,4-pentamethylpentan 3,3-Diethyl-2,2,4-trimethylpentan
Propyl				4-Propylnonan 5-Propylnonan
1-Methylethyl (= Isopropyl)				4-(1-Methylethyl)nonan 5-(1-Methylethyl)nonan
Methyl und Propyl					2-Methyl-4-propyloctan 3-Methyl-4-propyloctan 4-Methyl-4-propyloctan 4-Methyl-5-propyloctan 2-Methyl-5-propyloctan 3-Methyl-5-propyloctan
Methyl und 1-Methylethyl (= Isopropyl)					2-Methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)octan 2-Methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)octan 3-Methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)octan 4-Methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)octan 4-Methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)octan 2-Methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)octan 3-Methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)octan		2,2,3-Trimethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)hexan 2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)hexan 2,2,5-Trimethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)hexan 2,3,4-Trimethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)hexan 2,3,5-Trimethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)hexan 2,4,4-Trimethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)hexan 2,3,5-Trimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)hexan 2,2,5-Trimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)hexan	2,2,3,4-Tetramethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)pentan 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)pentan
Ethyl und Propyl						3-Ethyl-4-propylheptan 4-Ethyl-4-propylheptan
Ethyl und 1-Methylethyl (= Isopropyl)						3-Ethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)heptan 4-Ethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)heptan
Ethyl, Methyl und 1-Methylethyl (= Isopropyl)							3-Ethyl-2-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)hexan 4-Ethyl-2-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)hexan	3-Ethyl-2,4-dimethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)pentan
1,1-Dimethylethyl (= tert-Butyl)					4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)octan (4-tert-Butyloctan)
1,1-Dimethylethyl (= tert-Butyl) und Methyl						4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-2-methylheptan 4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-3-methylheptan 4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-4-methylheptan	3-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-2,2-dimethylhexan

Verwendung

In der Natur kommen Dodecan-Isomere beispielsweise bei der Amerikanischen Dickkopfelritze als Stoffwechselprodukte vor, bei denen n-Dodecan und 2,2,4,6,6-Pentamethylheptan biotransformiert werden, um somit die Bioakkumulation zu verhindern. In der technischen Chemie wird eine Mischung aus Dodecan-Isomeren als Suspensionsmittel verwendet, vor allem für die katalytische Kettenpolymerisation von Olefinen (Polyolefine) mithilfe von Titaniumhalogenid-Materialien.

Einzelnachweise

↑ D. Bonchev: Chemical Graph Theory: Introduction and Fundamentals. CRC Press, 1991, S. 300 (eingeschränkte Vorschau in der Google-Buchsuche).
↑ slywalaate: Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes. In: Scribd. Abgerufen am 26. August 2017 (englisch).
↑ J. Tolls, J. van Dijk: Bioconcentration of n-dodecane and its highly branched isomer 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane in fathead minnows. In: Chemosphere. Band 47, Nummer 10, Juni 2002, S. 1049–1057, PMID 12137037.
↑ Patent EP0026655: Titanium halide material and production thereof. Veröffentlicht am 8. April 1981, Erfinder: Ian William Parsons, John Andrew Licchelli, Anthony David Caunt.‌

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[1] D. Bonchev: Chemical Graph Theory: Introduction and Fundamentals. CRC Press, 1991, S. 300 (eingeschränkte Vorschau in der Google-Buchsuche).

[2] slywalaate: Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes. In: Scribd. Abgerufen am 26. August 2017 (englisch).

[PMID12137037-3] J. Tolls, J. van Dijk: Bioconcentration of n-dodecane and its highly branched isomer 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane in fathead minnows. In: Chemosphere. Band 47, Nummer 10, Juni 2002, S. 1049–1057, PMID 12137037.

[4] Patent EP0026655: Titanium halide material and production thereof. Veröffentlicht am 8. April 1981, Erfinder: Ian William Parsons, John Andrew Licchelli, Anthony David Caunt.‌