Outline of nanotechnology

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to nanotechnology:

Part of a series of articles on
Nanotechnology
Impact and applications
  • Nanomedicine
  • Nanotoxicology
  • Green nanotechnology
  • Hazards
  • Regulation
Nanomaterials
Molecular self-assembly
Nanoelectronics
  • Molecular scale electronics
  • Molecular logic gate
  • Nanolithography
  • Moore's law
  • Semiconductor device fabrication
  • Semiconductor scale examples
Nanometrology
  • Atomic force microscopy
  • Scanning tunneling microscope
  • Electron microscope
  • Super resolution microscopy
  • Nanotribology
Molecular nanotechnology
  • Science portal
  • Technology portal

Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers.

Branches of nanotechnology
  • Green nanotechnology – use of nanotechnology to enhance the environmental-sustainability of processes currently producing negative externalities. It also refers to the use of the products of nanotechnology to enhance sustainability.
  • Nanoengineering – practice of engineering on the nanoscale.

Multi-disciplinary fields that include nanotechnology
  • Nanobiotechnology – intersection of nanotechnology and biology.[1]
  • Ceramic engineering – science and technology of creating objects from inorganic, non-metallic materials.
  • Materials science – interdisciplinary field applying the properties of matter to various areas of science and engineering. It investigates the relationship between the structure of materials at atomic or molecular scales and their macroscopic properties.
    • Nanoarchitectonics – arranging nanoscale structural units, which are usually a group of atoms or molecules, in an intended configuration.
  • Molecular engineering

Nanoscience
  • Nanoelectronics – use of nanotechnology on electronic components, including transistors so small that inter-atomic interactions and quantum mechanical properties need to be studied extensively.
  • Nanomechanics – branch of nanoscience studying fundamental mechanical (elastic, thermal and kinetic) properties of physical systems at the nanometer scale.
  • Nanophotonics – study of the behavior of light on the nanometer scale.

Other contributing fields
  • Calculus
  • Chemistry
  • Computer science
  • Engineering
  • Miniaturization
  • Physics
  • Protein engineering
  • Quantum mechanics
  • Self-organization
  • Science
  • Supramolecular chemistry
  • Tissue engineering
  • Robotics
  • Medicine

Risks of nanotechnology

Implications of nanotechnology

  • Health impact of nanotechnology
  • Environmental impact of nanotechnology
  • Regulation of nanotechnology
  • Societal impact of nanotechnology

Applications of nanotechnology
  • Energy applications of nanotechnology
  • Quantum computing – computation using quantum mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform data operations.
  • List of nanotechnology applications

Nanomaterials
  • Nanomaterials – field that studies materials with morphological features on the nanoscale, and especially those that have special properties stemming from their nanoscale dimensions.

Fullerenes and carbon forms

Fullerene – any molecule composed entirely of carbon, in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tube. Fullerene spheres and tubes have applications in nanotechnology.

Nanoparticles and colloids

Nanoparticle –

  • Ceramics processing –
  • Colloid –
  • Colloidal crystal –
  • Diamondoids –
  • Nanocomposite –
  • Nanostructure –
    • Nanocages –
    • Nanocomposite –
    • Nanofabrics –
    • Nanofiber –
    • Nanofoam –
    • Nanoknot –
    • Nanomesh –
    • Nanopillar –
    • Nanopin film –
    • Nanoring –
    • Nanorod –
    • Nanoshell –
    • Nanotube –
    • Quantum dot –
    • Quantum heterostructure –
    • Sculptured thin film –

Nanomedicine

Nanomedicine –

  • Lab-on-a-chip –
  • Nanobiotechnology –
  • Nanosensor –
  • Nanotoxicology –

Molecular self-assembly

Molecular self-assembly –

Nanoelectronics

Nanoelectronics –

  • Break junction –
  • Chemical vapor deposition –
  • Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)
  • Nanocircuits –
  • Nanocomputer –
  • Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS)
  • Surface micromachining –
  • Nanoelectromechanical relays

Molecular electronics

Molecular electronics –

Nanolithography

Nanolithography –

  • Electron beam lithography –
  • Ion-beam sculpting –
  • Nanoimprint lithography –
  • Photolithography –
  • Scanning probe lithography –
  • Molecular self-assembly –
  • IBM Millipede –

Molecular nanotechnology

Molecular nanotechnology –

  • Grey goo –
  • Mechanosynthesis –
  • Molecular assembler –
  • Molecular modelling –
  • Nanorobotics –
    • Smartdust –
    • Utility fog –
  • Nanochondria –
  • Programmable matter –
  • Self reconfigurable –
  • Self-replication –

Devices
  • Micromachinery –
  • Nano-abacus –
  • Nanomotor –
  • Nanopore –
    • Nanopore sequencing –
  • Quantum point contact –
  • Synthetic molecular motors –
  • Carbon nanotube actuators –

Microscopes and other devices

Microscopy –

  • Atomic force microscope –
  • Scanning tunneling microscope –
  • Scanning probe microscope –
  • Sarfus –

Notable organizations in nanotechnology

List of nanotechnology organizations

Government
  • National Cancer Institute (US)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • National Nanotechnology Initiative (US)
  • Russian Nanotechnology Corporation (RU)
  • Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) (EU)

Advocacy and information groups
  • American Chemistry Council (US)
  • American Nano Society (US)
  • Center for Responsible Nanotechnology (US)
  • Foresight Institute (US)
  • Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies (global)

Manufacturers
  • Cerion Nanomaterials, Metal / Metal Oxide / Ceramic Nanoparticles (US)
  • OCSiAl, Carbon Nanotubes (Luxembourg)

Notable figures in nanotechnology
  • Phaedon Avouris - first electronic devices made out of carbon nanotubes
  • Gerd Binnig - co-inventor of the scanning tunneling microscope
  • Heinrich Rohrer - co-inventor of the scanning tunneling microscope
  • Vicki Colvin Director for the Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology, Rice University
  • Eric Drexler - was the first to theorise about nanotechnology in depth and popularised the subject
  • Richard Feynman - gave the first mention of some of the distinguishing concepts in a 1959 talk, entitled There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom
  • Robert Freitas - nanomedicine theorist
  • Andre Geim - Discoverer of 2-D carbon film called graphene
  • Sumio Iijima - discoverer of carbon nanotube
  • Harry Kroto - co-discoverer of buckminsterfullerene
  • Akhlesh Lakhtakia - conceptualized sculptured thin films
  • Ralph Merkle - nanotechnology theorist
  • Carlo Montemagno - inventor ATP nanobiomechanical motor (UCLA)
  • Erwin Wilhelm Müller - invented the field ion microscope, and the atom probe
  • Chris Phoenix - co-founder of the Center for Responsible Nanotechnology
  • Uri Sivan - set up and led the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Research Institute at Technion in Israel
  • Richard Smalley - co-discoverer of buckminsterfullerene
  • Norio Taniguchi - coined the term "nano-technology"
  • Mike Treder - co-founder of the Center for Responsible Nanotechnology
  • Joseph Wang - pioneer in electrochemical sensors exploiting nanostructured materials; synthetic nanomotors
  • Alex Zettl - Built the first molecular motor based on carbon nanotubes
  • Russell M. Taylor II - co-director of the UNC CISMM
  • Adriano Cavalcanti - nanorobot expert working at CAN
  • Lajos P. Balogh - editor in chief of the Precision Nanomedicine journal
  • Charles M. Lieber - pioneer on nanoscale materials (Harvard)

See also
Place these

Further reading
  • Engines of Creation, by Eric Drexler
  • Nanosystems, by Eric Drexler
  • Nanotechnology: A Gentle Introduction to the Next Big Idea by Mark and Daniel Ratner, ISBN 0-13-101400-5
  • There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom by Richard Feynman
  • The challenges of nanotechnology by Claire Auplat[2][3]

References
  1. Ehud Gazit, Plenty of room for biology at the bottom: An introduction to bionanotechnology. Imperial College Press, 2007, ISBN 978-1-86094-677-6
  2. Auplat, Claire (2012). "The challenges of nanotechnology policy making - Part 1". Global Policy. 3 (4): 492–500. doi:10.1111/j.1758-5899.2011.00159.x.
  3. Auplat, Claire (2013). "The challenges of nanotechnology policy making - Part 2". Global Policy. 4 (1): 101–107. doi:10.1111/j.1758-5899.2011.00160.x.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.