Sugar acid

In organic chemistry, a sugar acid or acidic sugar is a monosaccharide with a carboxyl group at one end or both ends of its chain.[1]

Main classes of sugar acids include:

  • Aldonic acids, in which the aldehyde group (−CH=O) located at the initial end (position 1) of an aldose is oxidized.
  • Ulosonic acids, in which the hydroxymethyl group (−CH2OH) at the initial end of a 2-ketose is oxidized creating an α-ketoacid.
  • Uronic acids, in which the −CH2OH group at the terminal end of an aldose or ketose is oxidized.
  • Aldaric acids, in which both ends (−CH=O and −CH2OH) of an aldose are oxidized.

Examples

Examples of sugar acids include:

  • Aldonic acids
    • Glyceric acid (3C)
    • Xylonic acid (5C)
    • Gluconic acid (6C)
    • Ascorbic acid[2] (6C, unsaturated lactone)
  • Ulosonic acids
    • Neuraminic acid (5-amino-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid)
    • Ketodeoxyoctulosonic acid (KDO or 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid)
  • Uronic acids
    • Glucuronic acid (6C)
    • Galacturonic acid (6C)
    • Iduronic acid (6C)
  • Aldaric acids
    • Tartaric acid (4C)
    • meso-Galactaric acid (Mucic acid) (6C)
    • D-Glucaric acid (Saccharic acid) (6C)

References
  1. Robyt, J.F. (1998). Essentials of carbohydrate chemistry. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-94951-8.
  2. Davies Michael B.; Austin John; Partridge David A. (1991). Vitamin C: Its Chemistry and Biochemistry. The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 48. ISBN 0-85186-333-7.
  • Sugar+Acids at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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