Bechamp reaction

In organic synthesis the Béchamp reaction is used for producing arsonic acids from activated aromatic substrates. The reaction is an electrophilic aromatic substitution, using arsenic acid as the electrophile. The reaction proceeds according to this idealized stoichiometry for the preparation of arsanilic acid:[1]

C6H5NH2 + H3AsO4 → H2O3AsC6H4NH2 + H2O
For Bechamp reduction of aromatic nitro compounds, see Bechamp reduction.

Reaction scope

The reaction was first reported in 1863 by Antoine Béchamp.[2][3] It is very analogous to the sulfonation of arenes.

The Béchamp reaction was employed in the Nobel Prize-winning work on organoarsenicals by Paul Erlich.[4]

In one commercial application, the Béchamp reaction is reaction is used to produce roxarsone, which exhibits an anticoccidial action and promotes growth in animals.[5]

Further reading
  • H. P. Brown & C. S. Hamilton (1934). "Naphthalenearsonic Acids. The Application of the Béchamp Reaction to α-Naphthylamine". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56: 151. doi:10.1021/ja01316a047.</ref>

References
  1. Grund, Sabina C.; Hanusch, Kunibert; Wolf, Hans Uwe (2008). "Arsenic and Arsenic Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a03_113.pub2. ISBN 978-3527306732.
  2. M. A. Bechamp (1863). "de l'action de la chaleur sur l'arseniate d'analine et de la formation d'un anilide de l'acide arsenique". Compt. Rend. 56: 1172–1175.
  3. C. S. Hamilton & J. F. Morgan (1944). "The Preparation of Aromatic Arsonic and Arsinic Acids by the Bart, Bechamp, and Rosenmund Reactions". Organic Reactions: 2. doi:10.1002/0471264180.or002.10. ISBN 0471264180.
  4. P. Ehrlich & A. Bertheim (1907). "Überp-Aminophenylarsinsäure". Chemische Berichte. 40 (3): 3292. doi:10.1002/cber.19070400397.
  5. John F. Stolz; Eranda Perera; Brian Kilonzo; Brian Kail; Bryan Crable; Edward Fisher; Mrunalini Ranganathan; Lars Wormer & Partha Basu (2007). "Biotransformation of 3-Nitro-4-hydroxybenzene Arsonic Acid (Roxarsone) and Release of Inorganic Arsenic by Clostridium Species". Environ. Sci. Technol. 41 (3): 818–823. Bibcode:2007EnST...41..818S. doi:10.1021/es061802i. PMID 17328188.
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