Melting points of the elements (data page)

Melting point

In the following table, the use row is the value recommended for use in other Wikipedia pages in order to maintain consistency across content.

ReferenceKelvinCelsiusFahrenheitComments
1 H hydrogen (H2)
use13.99 K−259.16 °C−434.49 °F
WEL14.01 K−259.14 °C−434.45 °F
CRC−259.16 °C
LNG−259.35 °C
2 He helium
use0 K−273.15 °C−459.67 °Fhcp crystal melting to He-II superfluid at 25.00 atm
1.463 K−271.687 °C−457.037 °Ftriple point hcp−bcc−He-II at 26.036 atm
1.762 K−271.388 °C−456.498 °Ftriple point hcp−bcc−He-II at 29.725 atm
1.772 K−271.378 °C−456.480 °Ftriple point hcp−He-II−He-I at 30.016 atm
WEL0.95 K−272.2 °C−458 °F
LNG−272.15 °C(at 25 atm)
§ Hoffer et al.0 K−273.15 °C−459.67 °Fhcp crystal melting to He-II superfluid at 25.00 atm
1.463 K−271.687 °C−457.037 °Ftriple point hcp−bcc−He-II at 26.036 atm
1.762 K−271.388 °C−456.498 °Ftriple point hcp−bcc−He-II at 29.725 atm
1.772 K−271.378 °C−456.480 °Ftriple point hcp−He-II−He-I at 30.016 atm
3 Li lithium
use453.65 K180.50 °C356.90 °F
WEL453.69 K180.54 °C356.97 °F
CRC180.50 °C
LNG180.54 °C
4 Be beryllium
use1560 K1287 °C2349 °F
WEL1560 K1287 °C2349 °F
CRC1287 °C
LNG1287 °C
5 B boron
use2349 K2076 °C3769 °F
WEL2349 K2076 °C3769 °F
CRC2075 °C
LNG2076 °C
6 C carbon (graphite)
use
WEL ? (3800 K) ? (3527 °C) ? (6381 °F)
CRCtp 4489 °C(at 10.3 MPa)
LNGsubl. (39154020) °C
6 C carbon (diamond)
use
WEL ? (3800 K) ? (3527 °C) ? (6381 °F)
CRC4440 °C(at 12.4 GPa)
LNG3500 °C(at 63.5 atm)
7 N nitrogen (N2)
use63.15 K−210.00 °C−346.00 °F
WEL63.05 K−210.1 °C−346.18 °F
CRC−210.00 °C
LNG−210.01 °C
8 O oxygen (O2)
use54.36 K−218.79 °C−361.82 °F
WEL54.8 K−218.3 °C−360.9 °F
CRC−218.79 °C
LNG−218.4 °C
9 F fluorine (F2)
use53.48 K−219.67 °C−363.41 °F
WEL53.53 K−219.62 °C−363.32 °F
CRCtp −219.67 °C
LNG−219.61 °C
10 Ne neon
use24.56 K−248.59 °C−415.46 °F
WEL24.56 K−248.59 °C−415.46 °F
CRC−248.59 °C
LNG−248.67 °C
11 Na sodium
use370.944 K97.794 °C207.9 °F
WEL370.87 K97.72 °C207.9 °F
CRC97.794 °C
LNG97.82 °C
12 Mg magnesium
use923 K650 °C1202 °F
WEL923 K650 °C1202 °F
CRC650 °C
LNG651 °C
13 Al aluminium
use933.47 K660.32 °C1220.58 °F
WEL933.47 K660.32 °C1220.58 °F
CRC660.32 °C
LNG660.323 °C
freezing point 933.473 K (660.323 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
14 Si silicon
use1687 K1414 °C2577 °F
WEL1687 K1414 °C2577 °F
CRC1414 °C
LNG1412 °C
15 P phosphorus (white)
use317.30 K44.15 °C111.47 °F
WEL317.3 K44.2 °C111.6 °F
CRC44.15 °C
LNG44.15 °C
15 P phosphorus (red)
use870 K597 °C1107 °F
CRCtp 590 °C
LNG597 °C
15 P phosphorus (black)
use883 K610 °C1130 °F
CRC610 °C
LNG
16 S sulfur (orthorhombic, alpha)
use368.4 K95.3 °C203.5 °F(trans. to beta)
CRC95.3 °C(trans. to mono)
LNG94.5 °C(trans. to beta)
16 S sulfur (monoclinic, beta, trans. slowly to alpha)
use388.36 K115.21 °C239.38 °F
WEL388.36 K115.21 °C239.38 °F
CRC119.6 °C
LNG115.21 °C
16 S sulfur (gamma)
use380.0 K106.8 °C224.2 °F
LNG106.8 °C
17 Cl chlorine (Cl2)
use171.6 K−101.5 °C−150.7 °F
WEL171.6 K−101.5 °C−150.7 °F
CRC−101.5 °C
LNG−101.5 °C
18 Ar argon
use83.81 K−189.34 °C−308.81 °F
WEL83.8 K−189.3 °C−308.7 °F
CRC−189.34 °C
LNG−189.38 °C
19 K potassium
use336.7 K63.5 °C146.3 °F
WEL336.53 K63.38 °C146.08 °F
CRC63.5 °C
LNG63.38 °C
20 Ca calcium
use1115 K842 °C1548 °F
WEL1115 K842 °C1548 °F
CRC842 °C
LNG842 °C
21 Sc scandium
use1814 K1541 °C2806 °F
WEL1814 K1541 °C2806 °F
CRC1541 °C
LNG1541 °C
22 Ti titanium (hexagonal)
use1941 K1668 °C3034 °F
WEL1941 K1668 °C3034 °F
CRC1668 °C
LNG1668 °C
23 V vanadium
use2183 K1910 °C3470 °F
WEL2183 K1910 °C3470 °F
CRC1910 °C
LNG1917 °C
24 Cr chromium
use2180 K1907 °C3465 °F
WEL2180 K1907 °C3465 °F
CRC1907 °C
LNG1907 °C
25 Mn manganese
use1519 K1246 °C2275 °F
WEL1519 K1246 °C2275 °F
CRC1246 °C
LNG1244 °C(face-centered tetragonal)
26 Fe iron
use1811 K1538 °C2800 °F
WEL1811 K1538 °C2800 °F
CRC1538 °C
LNG1535 °C
27 Co cobalt
use1768 K1495 °C2723 °F
WEL1768 K1495 °C2723 °F
CRC1495 °C
LNG1494 °C
28 Ni nickel
use1728 K1455 °C2651 °F
WEL1728 K1455 °C2651 °F
CRC1455 °C
LNG1453 °C
29 Cu copper
use1357.77 K1084.62 °C1984.32 °F
WEL1357.77 K1084.62 °C1984.32 °F
CRC1084.62 °C
LNG1084.62 °C
freezing point 1357.77 K (1084.62 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
30 Zn zinc
use692.68 K419.53 °C787.15 °F
WEL692.68 K419.53 °C787.15 °F
CRC419.53 °C
LNG419.527 °C
freezing point 692.677 K (419.527 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
31 Ga gallium
use302.9146 K29.7646 °C85.5763 °F
WEL302.91 K29.76 °C85.57 °F
CRCtp 29.771 °C
LNG29.7646 °C
melting point 302.9146 K (29.7646 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
32 Ge germanium
use1211.40 K938.25 °C1720.85 °F
WEL1211.4 K938.3 °C1720.9 °F
CRC938.25 °C
LNG937.3 °C
33 As arsenic
use1090 K817 °C1503 °F
WEL1090 K817 °C1503 °F
CRCtp 817 °C(at 3.70 MPa)
LNG817 °C
34 Se selenium (hexagonal, gray)
use494 K221 °C430 °F
WEL494 K221 °C430 °F
CRC220.5 °C
LNG217 °C
34 Se selenium (vitreous)
use453 K180 °C356 °F(trans. to gray)
CRC180 °C(trans. to gray)
35 Br bromine (Br2)
use265.8 K−7.3 °C19 °F
WEL265.8 K−7.3 °C19 °F
CRC−7.2 °C
LNG−7.25 °C
36 Kr krypton
use115.78 K−157.37 °C−251.27 °F
WEL115.79 K−157.37 °C−251.25 °F
CRCtp −157.38 °C(at 73.2 kPa)
LNG−157.36 °C
37 Rb rubidium
use312.45 K39.30 °C102.74 °F
WEL312.46 K39.31 °C102.76 °F
CRC39.30 °C
LNG39.31 °C
38 Sr strontium
use1050 K777 °C1431 °F
WEL1050 K777 °C1431 °F
CRC777 °C
LNG757 °C
39 Y yttrium
use1799 K1526 °C2779 °F
WEL1799 K1526 °C2779 °F
CRC1522 °C
LNG1522 °C
40 Zr zirconium
use2128 K1855 °C3371 °F
WEL2128 K1855 °C3371 °F
CRC1855 °C
LNG1852 °C
41 Nb niobium
use2750 K2477 °C4491 °F
WEL2750 K2477 °C4491 °F
CRC2477 °C
LNG2468 °C
42 Mo molybdenum
use2896 K2623 °C4753 °F
WEL2896 K2623 °C4753 °F
CRC2623 °C
LNG2622 °C
43 Tc technetium (Tc-98 ?)
use2430 K2157 °C3915 °F
WEL2430 K2157 °C3915 °F
CRC2157 °C
LNG2157 °C(Tc-98)
44 Ru ruthenium
use2607 K2334 °C4233 °F
WEL2607 K2334 °C4233 °F
CRC2334 °C
LNG2334 °C
45 Rh rhodium
use2237 K1964 °C3567 °F
WEL2237 K1964 °C3567 °F
CRC1964 °C
LNG1963 °C
46 Pd palladium
use1828.05 K1554.9 °C2830.82 °F
WEL1828.05 K1554.9 °C2830.82 °F
CRC1554.9 °C
LNG1555 °C
47 Ag silver
use1234.93 K961.78 °C1763.2 °F
WEL1234.93 K961.78 °C1763.2 °F
CRC961.78 °C
LNG961.78 °C
freezing point 1234.93 K (961.78 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
48 Cd cadmium
use594.22 K321.07 °C609.93 °F
WEL594.22 K321.07 °C609.93 °F
CRC321.07 °C
LNG321 °C
49 In indium
use429.75 K156.60 °C313.88 °F
WEL429.75 K156.6 °C313.88 °F
CRC156.60 °C
LNG156.60 °C
freezing point 429.7485 K (156.5985 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
50 Sn tin (white)
use505.08 K231.93 °C449.47 °F
WEL505.08 K231.93 °C449.47 °F
CRC231.93 °C
LNG231.928 °C
freezing point 505.078 K (231.928 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
51 Sb antimony
use903.78 K630.63 °C1167.13 °F
WEL903.78 K630.63 °C1167.13 °F
CRC630.63 °C
LNG630.7 °C
52 Te tellurium
use722.66 K449.51 °C841.12 °F
WEL722.66 K449.51 °C841.12 °F
CRC449.51 °C
LNG449.8 °C
53 I iodine (I2)
use386.85 K113.7 °C236.66 °F
WEL386.85 K113.7 °C236.66 °F
CRC113.7 °C
LNG113.60 °C
54 Xe xenon
use161.40 K−111.75 °C−169.15 °F
WEL161.4 K−111.7 °C−169.1 °F
CRCtp −111.795 °C(at 81.6 kPa)
LNG−111.8 °C
55 Cs caesium
use301.7 K28.5 °C83.3 °F
WEL301.59 K28.44 °C83.19 °F
CRC28.5 °C
LNG28.44 °C
56 Ba barium
use1000 K727 °C1341 °F
WEL1000 K727 °C1341 °F
CRC727 °C
LNG726.9 °C
57 La lanthanum
use1193 K920 °C1688 °F
WEL1193 K920 °C1688 °F
CRC918 °C
LNG920 °C
58 Ce cerium
use1068 K795 °C1463 °F
WEL1068 K795 °C1463 °F
CRC798 °C
LNG795 °C
59 Pr praseodymium
use1208 K935 °C1715 °F
WEL1208 K935 °C1715 °F
CRC931 °C
LNG935 °C
60 Nd neodymium
use1297 K1024 °C1875 °F
WEL1297 K1024 °C1875 °F
CRC1021 °C
LNG1024 °C
61 Pm promethium (Pm-147 ?)
use1315 K1042 °C1908 °F
WEL1373 K1100 °C2012 °F
CRC1042 °C
LNG1080 °C(Pm-147)
62 Sm samarium
use1345 K1072 °C1962 °F
WEL1345 K1072 °C1962 °F
CRC1074 °C
LNG1074 °C
63 Eu europium
use1099 K826 °C1519 °F
WEL1099 K826 °C1519 °F
CRC822 °C
LNG822 °C
64 Gd gadolinium
use1585 K1312 °C2394 °F
WEL1585 K1312 °C2394 °F
CRC1313 °C
LNG1312 °C
65 Tb terbium
use1629 K1356 °C2473 °F
WEL1629 K1356 °C2473 °F
CRC1356 °C
LNG1356 °C
66 Dy dysprosium
use1680 K1407 °C2565 °F
WEL1680 K1407 °C2565 °F
CRC1412 °C
LNG1412 °C
67 Ho holmium
use1734 K1461 °C2662 °F
WEL1734 K1461 °C2662 °F
CRC1474 °C
LNG1474 °C
68 Er erbium
use1802 K1529 °C2784 °F
  • The Gmelin rare earths handbook lists 1522 °C and 1550 °C as two melting points given in the literature, the most recent reference [Handbook on the chemistry and physics of rare earths, vol.12 (1989)] is given with 1529 °C.
  • The World Book encyclopedia from 2002 lists 1529 °C.
WEL1770 K1497 °C2727 °F
CRC1529 °C
LNG1529 °C
69 Tm thulium
use1818 K1545 °C2813 °F
WEL1818 K1545 °C2813 °F
CRC1545 °C
LNG1545 °C
70 Yb ytterbium
use1097 K824 °C1515 °F
WEL1097 K824 °C1515 °F
CRC819 °C
LNG819 °C
71 Lu lutetium
use1925 K1652 °C3006 °F
WEL1925 K1652 °C3006 °F
CRC1663 °C
LNG1663 °C
72 Hf hafnium
use2506 K2233 °C4051 °F
WEL2506 K2233 °C4051 °F
CRC2233 °C
LNG2227 °C
73 Ta tantalum
use3290 K3017 °C5463 °F
WEL3290 K3017 °C5463 °F
CRC3017 °C
LNG2996 °C
74 W tungsten
use3695 K3422 °C6192 °F
WEL3695 K3422 °C6192 °F
CRC3422 °C
LNG3387 °C
75 Re rhenium
use3459 K3186 °C5767 °F
WEL3459 K3186 °C5767 °F
CRC3186 °C
LNG3180 °C
76 Os osmium
use3306 K3033 °C5491 °F
WEL3306 K3033 °C5491 °F
CRC3033 °C
LNG3045 °C
77 Ir iridium
use2719 K2446 °C4435 °F
WEL2739 K2466 °C4471 °F
CRC2446 °C
LNG2447 °C
78 Pt platinum
use2041.4 K1768.3 °C3214.9 °F
WEL2041.4 K1768.3 °C3214.9 °F
CRC1768.4 °C
LNG1769 °C
79 Au gold
use1337.33 K1064.18 °C1947.52 °F
WEL1337.33 K1064.18 °C1947.52 °F
CRC1064.18 °C
LNG1064.18 °C
freezing point 1337.33 K (1064.18 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
80 Hg mercury
use234.32 K−38.83 °C−37.89 °F
WEL234.32 K−38.83 °C−37.89 °F
CRCtp −38.837 °C
LNG−38.83 °C
81 Tl thallium
use577 K304 °C579 °F
WEL577 K304 °C579 °F
CRC304 °C
LNG303.5 °C
82 Pb lead
use600.61 K327.46 °C621.43 °F
WEL600.61 K327.46 °C621.43 °F
CRC327.46 °C
LNG327.43 °C
83 Bi bismuth
use544.7 K271.5 °C520.7 °F
WEL544.4 K271.3 °C520.3 °F
CRC271.40 °C
LNG271.5 °C
84 Po polonium
use527 K254 °C489 °F
WEL527 K254 °C489 °F
CRC254 °C
LNG254 °C
85 At astatine
WEL575 K302 °C576 °F
CRC302 °C
LNG302 °C
86 Rn radon
use202 K−71 °C−96 °F
WEL202 K−71 °C−96 °F
CRC−71 °C
LNG−71 °C
87 Fr francium
use281.0 K8.0 °C46.4 °F
Lavrukhina et al.8.0 °C
CRC27 °C
88 Ra radium
use973 K700 °C1292 °F
WEL973 K700 °C1292 °F
CRC700 °C
LNG700.1 °C
89 Ac actinium (Ac-227 ?)
usecirca 1323 Kcirca 1050 °Ccirca 1922 °F
WEL1323 K1050 °C1922 °F
CRC1051 °C
LNG1050(50) °C(Ac-227)
90 Th thorium
use2115 K1842 °C3348 °F
WEL2115 K1842 °C3348 °F
CRC1750 °C
LNG1750 °C
91 Pa protactinium
use1841 K1568 °C2854 °F
WEL1841 K1568 °C2854 °F
CRC1572 °C
92 U uranium
use1405.3 K1132.2 °C2070 °F
WEL1405.3 K1132.2 °C2070 °F
CRC1135 °C
LNG1135 °C
93 Np neptunium
use917 K644 °C1191 °F
WEL910 K637 °C1179 °F
CRC644 °C
LNG644 °C
94 Pu plutonium
use912.5 K639.4 °C1182.9 °F
WEL912.5 K639.4 °C1182.9 °F
CRC640 °C
LNG639.5 °C
95 Am americium
use1449 K1176 °C2149 °F
WEL1449 K1176 °C2149 °F
CRC1176 °C
LNG1176 °C
96 Cm curium (Cm-244 ?)
use1613 K1340 °C2444 °F
WEL1613 K1340 °C2444 °F
CRC1345 °C
LNG1340 °C(Cm-244)
97 Bk berkelium (alpha)
use1323 K1050 °C1922 °F
CRC1050 °C
LNG1050 °C
97 Bk berkelium (beta)
use1259 K986 °C1807 °F
WEL1259 K986 °C1807 °F
CRC986 °C
LNG986 °C
98 Cf californium (Cf-252 ?)
use1173 K900 °C1652 °F
WEL1173 K900 °C1652 °F
CRC900 °C
LNG900 °C(Cf-252)
99 Es einsteinium
use1133 K860 °C1580 °F
WEL1133 K860 °C1580 °F
CRC860 °C
LNG860 °C
100 Fm fermium (Fm-257 ?)
use1800 K1527 °C2781 °F
WEL1800 K1527 °C2781 °F
CRC1527 °C
LNG1527 °C(Fm-257)
101 Md mendelevium
use1100 K827 °C1521 °F
WEL1100 K827 °C1521 °F
CRC827 °C
102 No nobelium
use1100 K827 °C1521 °F
WEL1100 K827 °C1521 °F
CRC827 °C
103 Lr lawrencium
use1900 K1627 °C2961 °F
WEL1900 K1627 °C2961 °F
CRC1627 °C
LNG1627 °C

Notes

  • All values at standard pressure (101.325 kPa) unless noted. Triple point temperature values (marked "tp") are not valid at standard pressure.

References

WEL

As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:

  • A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992
  • G.W.C. Kaye and T.H. Laby in Tables of physical and chemical constants, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993

Unit is K.

CRC

  • Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). CRC Press. pp. 4.121–4.123. ISBN 978-1439855119.

Unit is °C

LNG

As quoted from:

  • J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 3; Table 3.2 Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds

Unit is °C

Hoffer et al.

  • Hoffer, J. K.; Gardner, W. R.; Waterfield, C. G.; Phillips, N. E. (April 1976). "Thermodynamic properties of 4He. II. The bcc phase and the P-T and VT phase diagrams below 2 K". Journal of Low Temperature Physics. 23 (1): 63–102. Bibcode:1976JLTP...23...63H. doi:10.1007/BF00117245. S2CID 120473493.

Lavrukhina et al.

  • Lavrukhina, Avgusta Konstantinovna; Pozdnyakov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich (1970). Analytical Chemistry of Technetium, Promethium, Astatine, and Francium. Translated by R. Kondor. Ann Arbor–Humphrey Science Publishers. p. 269. ISBN 978-0-250-39923-9.

Holman et al.

Not used in this table.
  • Holman, S. W.; Lawrence, R. R.; Barr, L. (1 January 1895). "Melting Points of Aluminum, Silver, Gold, Copper, and Platinum". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 31: 218–233. doi:10.2307/20020628. JSTOR 20020628.

Table

See also

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