Thermal expansivities of the elements

Thermal expansion

	μm · m⁻¹ · K⁻¹
3 Li lithium
use	46
CRC	46
LNG	46
WEL	46
4 Be beryllium
use	11.3
CRC	11.3
LNG	11.3
WEL	11.3
5 B boron
use	5–7
LNG	5–7
WEL	6
6 C carbon
use
WEL	7.1
11 Na sodium
use	71
CRC	71
LNG	71
WEL	71
12 Mg magnesium
use	24.8
CRC	24.8
LNG	24.8
WEL	8.2
13 Al aluminium
use	23.1
CRC	23.1
LNG	23.1
WEL	23.1
14 Si silicon
use	2.6
WEL	2.6
19 K potassium
use	83.3
CRC	83.3
20 Ca calcium
use	22.3
CRC	22.3
LNG	22.3
WEL	22.3
21 Sc scandium
use	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.2
CRC	10.2
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 7.6
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 15.3
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.2
LNG	10.2
WEL	10.2
22 Ti titanium
use	8.6
CRC	8.6
LNG	8.6
WEL	8.6
23 V vanadium
use	8.4
CRC	8.4
LNG	8.4
WEL	8.4
24 Cr chromium
use	4.9
CRC	4.9
LNG	4.9
WEL	4.9
25 Mn manganese
use	21.7
CRC	21.7
LNG	21.7
WEL	21.7
26 Fe iron
use	11.8
CRC	11.8
LNG	11.8
WEL	11.8
27 Co cobalt
use	13.0
CRC	13.0
LNG	13.0
WEL	13.0
28 Ni nickel
use	13.4
CRC	13.4
LNG	13.4
WEL	13.4
29 Cu copper
use	16.5
CRC	16.5
LNG	16.5
WEL	16.5
30 Zn zinc
use	30.2
CRC	30.2
LNG	30.2
WEL	30.2
31 Ga gallium
use
CRC	18[1]
LNG	(>30 C) ( liquid) 120
WEL	(>30 C) (liquid) 120
32 Ge germanium
use	6.0
LNG	6.0
WEL	6
34 Se selenium
use	(amorphous) 37
LNG	(amorphous) 37
38 Sr strontium
use	22.5
CRC	22.5
LNG	22.5
WEL	22.5
39 Y yttrium
use	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.6
CRC	10.6
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 6.0
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 19.7
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.6
LNG	10.6
WEL	10.6
40 Zr zirconium
use	5.7
CRC	5.7
LNG	5.7
WEL	5.7
41 Nb niobium
use	7.3
CRC	7.3
LNG	7.3
WEL	7.3
42 Mo molybdenum
use	4.8
CRC	4.8
LNG	4.8
WEL	4.8
44 Ru ruthenium
use	6.4
CRC	6.4
LNG	6.4
WEL	6.4
45 Rh rhodium
use	8.2
CRC	8.2
LNG	8.2
WEL	8.2
46 Pd palladium
use	11.8
CRC	11.8
LNG	11.8
WEL	11.8
47 Ag silver
use	18.9
CRC	18.9
LNG	18.9
WEL	18.9
48 Cd cadmium
use	30.8
CRC	30.8
LNG	30.8
WEL	30.8
49 In indium
use	32.1
CRC	32.1
LNG	32.1
WEL	32.1
50 Sn tin
use	22.0
CRC	22.0
LNG	22.0
WEL	22
51 Sb antimony
use	11.0
CRC	11.0
LNG	11.0
WEL	11
55 Cs caesium
use	97
CRC	97
56 Ba barium
use	20.6
CRC	20.6
LNG	20.6
WEL	20.6
57 La lanthanum
use	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.1
CRC	12.1
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 4.5
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 27.2
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.1
LNG	12.1
WEL	12.1
58 Ce cerium
use	(room temperature) (gamma, polycrystalline) 6.3
CRC	6.3
CR2	(room temperature) (gamma, amorphous) 6.3
CR2	(room temperature) (gamma, polycrystalline) 6.3
LNG	6.3
WEL	6.3
59 Pr praseodymium
use	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 6.7
CRC	6.7
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 4.5
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 11.2
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 6.7
LNG	6.7
WEL	6.7
60 Nd neodymium
use	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.6
CRC	9.6
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 7.6
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 13.5
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.6
LNG	9.6
WEL	9.6
61 Pm promethium
use	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) est. 11
CRC	est. 11
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) est. 9
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) est. 16
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) est. 11
LNG	est. 11
WEL	11
62 Sm samarium
use	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.7
CRC	12.7
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 9.6
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 19.0
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.7
LNG	12.7
WEL	12.7
63 Eu europium
use	(room temperature) (polycrystalline) 35.0
CRC	35.0
CR2	(room temperature) (amorphous) 35.0
CR2	(room temperature) (polycrystalline) 35.0
LNG	35.0
WEL	35
64 Gd gadolinium
use	(100 °C) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.4
CRC	(100 °C) 9.4
CR2	(100 °C) (alpha, amorphous) 9.1
CR2	(100 °C) (alpha, crystalline) 10.0
CR2	(100 °C) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.4
LNG	(100 °C) 9.4
WEL	9.4
65 Tb terbium
use	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.3
CRC	10.3
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 9.3
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 12.4
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.3
LNG	10.3
WEL	10.3
66 Dy dysprosium
use	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.9
CRC	9.9
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 7.1
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 15.6
CR2	(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.9
LNG	9.9
WEL	9.9
67 Ho holmium
use	(room temperature) (polycrystalline) 11.2
CRC	11.2
CR2	(room temperature) (amorphous) 7.0
CR2	(room temperature) (crystalline) 19.5
CR2	(room temperature) (polycrystalline) 11.2
LNG	11.2
WEL	11.2
68 Er erbium
use	(room temperature) (polycrystalline) 12.2
CRC	12.2
CR2	(room temperature) (amorphous) 7.9
CR2	(room temperature) (crystalline) 20.9
CR2	(room temperature) (polycrystalline) 12.2
LNG	12.2
WEL	12.2
69 Tm thulium
use	(room temperature) (polycrystalline) 13.3
CRC	13.3
CR2	(room temperature) (amorphous) 8.8
CR2	(room temperature) (crystalline) 22.2
CR2	(room temperature) (polycrystalline) 13.3
LNG	13.3
WEL	13.3
70 Yb ytterbium
use	(room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 26.3
CRC	26.3
CR2	(room temperature) (beta, amorphous) 26.3
CR2	(room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 26.3
LNG	26.3
WEL	26.3
71 Lu lutetium
use	(room temperature) (polycrystalline) 9.9
CRC	9.9
CR2	(room temperature) (amorphous) 4.8
CR2	(room temperature) (crystalline) 20.0
CR2	(room temperature) (polycrystalline) 9.9
LNG	9.9
WEL	9.9
72 Hf hafnium
use	5.9
CRC	5.9
LNG	5.9
WEL	5.9
73 Ta tantalum
use	6.3
CRC	6.3
LNG	6.3
WEL	6.3
74 W tungsten
use	4.5
CRC	4.5
LNG	4.5
WEL	4.5
75 Re rhenium
use	6.2
CRC	6.2
LNG	6.2
WEL	6.2
76 Os osmium
use	5.1
CRC	5.1
LNG	5.1
WEL	5.1
77 Ir iridium
use	6.4
CRC	6.4
LNG	6.4
WEL	6.4
78 Pt platinum
use	8.8
CRC	8.8
LNG	8.8
WEL	8.8
79 Au gold
use	14.2
CRC	14.2
LNG	14.2
WEL	14.2
80 Hg mercury
use	60.4
CRC	60.4
81 Tl thallium
use	29.9
CRC	29.9
LNG	29.9
WEL	29.9
82 Pb lead
use	28.9
CRC	28.9
LNG	28.9
WEL	28.9
83 Bi bismuth
use	13.4
CRC	13.4
LNG	13.4
WEL	13.4
84 Po polonium
use	23.5
CRC	23.5
90 Th thorium
use	11.0
CRC	11.0
LNG	11.1
WEL	11.0
92 U uranium
use	13.9
CRC	13.9
LNG	13.9
WEL	13.9
94 Pu plutonium
use	46.7
CRC	46.7
LNG	46.7

Notes

All values refer to 25 °C unless noted.

References

The value is highly anisotropic and temperature dependent, see Fred Rosebury (1992). Handbook of Electron Tube and Vacuum Techniques. Springer. p. 26. ISBN 978-1-56396-121-2.

CRC

As quoted from this source in an online version of: David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 12, Properties of Solids; Thermal and Physical Properties of Pure Metals

Touloukian, Y. S., Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 12, Thermal Expansion, IFI/Plenum, New York, 1975.

CR2

As quoted in an online version of:

David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Physical Properties of the Rare Earth Metals

which further refers to:

Beaudry, B. J. and Gschneidner, K.A. Jr., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A. Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 173.
McEwen, K.A., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A. Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 411.

LNG

As quoted from this source in an online version of: J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4; Table 4.1, Electronic Configuration and Properties of the Elements

Touloukian, Y. S., Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 12, Thermal Expansion, Plenum, New York, 1975.

WEL

As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:

D.R. Lide, (Ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.
A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.
G.W.C. Kaye and T. H. Laby in Tables of physical and chemical constants, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993.
J.A. Dean (ed) in Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 14th edition, 1992.

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[1] The value is highly anisotropic and temperature dependent, see Fred Rosebury (1992). Handbook of Electron Tube and Vacuum Techniques. Springer. p. 26. ISBN 978-1-56396-121-2.